A Influência do Estresse Psicológico na Progressão e Evolução do HIV: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Carolina Fioravanço da Silva; Karina Kirsten; Carolain Felipin Vincensi Anklam

doi:10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v16i98p16716-16731

Autores/as

Carolina Fioravanço da Silva Graduada em Biomedicina pela ATITUS Educação. Auxiliar de laboratório Sênior na AKF imunotech; Passo Fundo; RS. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1369-9437
Karina Kirsten ATITUS Educação
Carolain Felipin Vincensi Anklam Professora do curso de Biomedicina da Atitus Educação https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6984-7136

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v16i98p16716-16731

Palabras clave:

HIV/AIDS, Estrés, Sistema inmunitario, Revisión sistemática

Resumen

La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión sistemática de estudios publicados entre 1990 y 2024, utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct y Scopus, con los términos de búsqueda "VIH/SIDA", "estrés" y "sistema inmunitario". Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios en humanos que evaluaran marcadores inmunológicos y parámetros de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Tras la selección, se incluyeron 15 artículos en esta revisión. Los resultados muestran que el estrés psicológico, especialmente cuando se relaciona con la ansiedad y la depresión, afecta negativamente al sistema inmunitario, acelerando la progresión de la infección por VIH. Sin embargo, intervenciones como la terapia emocional y la actividad física regular han demostrado ser eficaces para la homeostasis del sistema inmunitario. Se concluye que el estrés influye directamente en la progresión de la infección al deteriorar la respuesta inmunitaria; la inclusión de intervenciones psicosociales es esencial para mejorar la calidad de vida y retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad.

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