Desafios da Segurança do Paciente na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: Revisão de Escopo

Adrian Santos de Souza; Tânia Alves Amador

doi:10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v16i103p18720-18741

Authors

Adrian Santos de Souza Graduação em farmácia; especialização em gerontologia; mestrado em química e doutorando do programa de pós-graduação em Assistência Farmacêutica pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4230-8006
Tânia Alves Amador Graduação em farmácia bioquímica; mestrado e doutorado em ciências biológicas (bioquímica); professora adjunta da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e professora do programa de pós-graduação em Assistência Farmacêutica pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-3034

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v16i103p18720-18741

Keywords:

health professionals, health management, organizational culture, health services users

Abstract

Patient safety is an essential component of the quality of health care and presents specific challenges in the context of Primary Health Care (PHC), the main gateway to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). This study aimed to identify and map the main challenges related to patient safety in Brazilian PHC from the perspective of health professionals and managers. This is a scoping review conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR recommendations, with searches carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, BDENF, CINAHL, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Original articles published between 2013 and 2022 and conducted in Brazil were included, totaling 19 studies after the selection process. Analysis of the findings allowed the organization of results into four thematic axes: challenges faced by health professionals, challenges related to service management, challenges related to users and families, and resources
that enhance patient safety. The main barriers identified included communication failures, work overload, insufficient infrastructure and human resources, weaknesses in leadership support, fear of punishment in the face of errors, and low user adherence to treatments. Strategies promoting patient safety included continuing education, strengthening teamwork, interprofessional communication, planning of work processes, and active user participation in care. It is concluded that Brazilian PHC faces structural, organizational, and relational challenges that compromise patient safety, highlighting the need to strengthen a non-punitive safety culture and participatory management practices to improve care quality and reduce adverse events.

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