Pruebas para COVID-19 y Conductas Preventivas al Inicio de la Pandemia: Estudio Transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v15i97p16392-16415Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Estudio transversal, Conducta de riesgo para la salud, Control de enfermedades transmisiblesResumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características y distribución de individuos según su exposición al SARS-CoV-2 y adopción de medidas preventivas. Método: Estudio transversal y poblacional realizado al inicio de la pandemia en São Carlos (SP, Brasil), a partir de la encuesta seroepidemiológica Prueba para Cuidar. Se seleccionó un adulto por domicilio mediante muestreo aleatorio por sectores censales. Se aplicaron entrevistas y pruebas serológicas (anticuerpos IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1), abarcando datos demográficos, condiciones socioeconómicas, comorbilidades, síntomas recientes y conductas preventivas. Resultados: Participaron 3.921 personas. El 91,6% reportó alguna reducción de movilidad. Menor adherencia se asoció a edad joven, sexo masculino, convivencia con niños en edad escolar, y falta de beneficios sociales. El 97,1% refería uso de mascarilla, menos frecuente entre hombres. Un tercio presentó síntomas gripales; 1,1% fue hospitalizado. La seroprevalencia fue de 1,74%, asociada a sexo masculino, abstinencia alcohólica y síntomas previos. Zonas de bajos ingresos presentaron mayor densidad de casos. Conclusión: Comprender los factores asociados a la baja adherencia a medidas preventivas ayuda a orientar estrategias de salud pública.
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