Incidencia de Colecistitis en Pacientes Sometidos a Diferentes Tipos de Cirugía Bariátrica: Una Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v15i97p16230-16247Palabras clave:
Cirugía Bariátrica, Colecistitis, Colelitiasis, Complicaciones PostoperatoriasResumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de colecistitis en pacientes sometidos a diferentes técnicas de cirugía bariátrica, identificando factores de riesgo y estrategias preventivas. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura en Pub-
Med, SciELO, BVS, ScienceDirect y Cochrane Library, utilizando descriptores DeCS y MeSH “Bariatric Surgery”, “Cholecystitis” y “Postoperative Complications”. Selección de estudios publicados en los últimos diez años con datos cuantitativos sobre colecistitis postoperatoria. Cribado en tres fases según PRISMA. Resultado: Siete estudios asociaron la gastrectomía vertical con mayores tasas de colecistitis, especialmente en el primer año postoperato-
rio. Intervenciones profilácticas con ácido ursodesoxicólico redujeron significativamente la formación de cálculos. Factores como pérdida de peso rápida y sexo femenino aumentaron el riesgo. Conclusión: La incidencia de colecis-
titis varía según la técnica bariátrica y factores individuales. La profilaxis farmacológica y el monitoreo individuali-
zado pueden optimizar los resultados clínicos.
Citas
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