Niveles de Actividad Física y Lumbalgia Crónica Inespecífica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v15i93p14638-14655Palabras clave:
Lumbalgia crónica inespecífica, Actividad física, EjercicioResumen
La Lumbalgia Crónica Inespecífica (LCI) es una de las principales causas de discapacidad en todo el mundo, impactando negativamente la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas y generando costos significativos para los sistemas de salud. Las evidencias de las últimas dos décadas han revolucionado el enfoque y tratamiento de los casos, pero algunos aspectos, como los niveles de actividad física en relación con las características de las prácticas, la frecuencia e intensidad, siguen siendo vagos y poco detallados en las publicaciones sobre el tema. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar las relaciones entre los niveles de actividad física y la lumbalgia crónica inespecífica. Este estudio consiste en una revisión de literatura de estudios publicados entre 2012 y 2024 en inglés y portugués, que convergen con el tema y los objetivos propuestos. Se utilizaron las plataformas PubMed, SciELO, Biblioteca Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science y la base de datos de evidencia en fisioterapia (PEDro). Se seleccionaron 35 estudios según los criterios de inclusión y selección. En cuanto a los niveles de actividad física, se evidenció la necesidad de un mayor enfoque en este tema en los diferentes estudios, aunque predomina la recomendación de prácticas de intensidad moderada. La exposición gradual a ejercicios aeróbicos, de fortalecimiento/ resistencia, de coordinación/estabilización y de control motor, preferentemente en estrategias multimodales como las combinadas con la cognición, así como el yoga, realizados tanto de forma individual como en grupo, muestran beneficios sintomáticos y funcionales para las personas con LCI.
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